How to Choose a Healthy Puppy: Protect Your Pet’s Long-Term Health

When it comes to keeping pets healthy, starting with a strong foundation is key. Many purebred dogs today face serious health challenges, including an increased risk of cancer, due in part to irresponsible breeding practices. At Kali’s Wish Cancer Foundation, we provide pet cancer support and help for pet parents who want to make informed decisions about their pets’ well-being.

Start by Doing Your Homework

Understanding the potential health issues associated with your chosen breed is an important first step. By researching reputable breeders and learning about the genetic risks of certain breeds, you can greatly improve the chances that your puppy will grow up healthy and happy.

The History of Purebred Breeding

Historically, dogs were bred for function—hunting, herding, guarding. In the mid-1800s, breeding shifted toward appearance rather than health. Dog shows and breed clubs created strict standards focusing on looks, often at the expense of overall health.

In order to meet these standards, breeders often relied on inbreeding and line-breeding. While these practices can reinforce desirable traits, they also increase the risk of genetic disorders, including cancers and other serious diseases. Popular sire syndrome—where a single male sires a large percentage of a breed—has compounded these problems. For example, in the 1970s, two Golden Retriever sires were responsible for hundreds of thousands of puppies, yet both died of cancer at a young age. Today, roughly 60% of Golden Retrievers will develop cancer in their lifetime.

Common Health Issues in Purebred Dogs

Many purebred dogs face genetic challenges such as:

• Hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

• Breathing issues in flat-faced breeds like Pekingese

• Chronic balance problems in German Shepherds

• Increased cancer risk

These health problems are often tied directly to inbreeding practices and selection for appearance over health.

Positive Change: Healthy Breeding Programs

Fortunately, many breed clubs and organizations in Canada, the U.S., and worldwide are now prioritizing the health of dogs. Responsible breeders screen for genetic conditions and follow programs designed to reduce inherited disorders.

To increase your chances of acquiring a healthy puppy:

1. Research the breed to understand its specific health concerns.

2. Look for breeders who prioritize health over appearance and follow responsible breeding guidelines.

3. Ask about genetic testing and the health history of both parents.

4. Use resources like the Canadian Kennel Club’s guidelines to find reputable breeders.

The Bottom Line

Starting with a healthy puppy is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of genetic disorders and cancers later in life. By doing your homework and choosing responsible breeders, you’re taking a proactive step in pet cancer support and help—giving your new companion the best chance at a long, healthy life.